ExecutiveOrdersEO
Det 85-14DeterminationG.W. Bush · R

Presidential Determination 85-14

Partial Resumption of Travel to Lebanon To Promote Peace and Security

This determination partially lifts a 22-year-old ban on U.S. air transportation to Lebanon, allowing only U.S. government-contracted carriers to fly passengers (including non-citizens) and humanitarian goods to and from Lebanon. All other prohibitions from the 1985, 1992, and 1998 determinations remain in effect.

Federal Register Open PDF 72 FR 31711

Impact dates

  1. Implementation of determination by Secretary of Transportation

Key directives

  • Permit U.S. government-contracted air carriers to transport passengers and baggage to/from Lebanon
  • Permit transport of humanitarian goods to/from Lebanon
  • Permit transport of other cargo/materiel to/from Lebanon
  • Maintain all other existing prohibitions
  • Implement immediately
  • Publish in Federal Register

Who is ordered

Timeline

Immediate

  • Implementation directive to Secretary of Transportation
  • Partial resumption of permitted air transportation services

Near term (90d)

—

Long term

  • Continued prohibition on non-contract U.S. carrier operations to Lebanon
  • Potential foundation for further policy changes

Risks & tensions

  • Narrow scope—only government-contracted carriers, not commercial aviation generally
  • Maintains most of Cold War-era sanctions framework
  • Security risks in Lebanon region during 2007 (2006 Lebanon War aftermath)
Presidential Determination 85-14: Partial Resumption of Travel to Lebanon To Promote Peace and Security · Executive Orders