ExecutiveOrdersEO
DetDeterminationG.W. Bush · R Quiet signal

Presidential Determination

Presidential Determination Under Section 402(c)(2)(A) of the Trade Act of 1974Turkmenistan

President George W. Bush determined that waiving Jackson-Vanik human rights trade restrictions on Turkmenistan would substantially promote the objectives of section 402 of the Trade Act of 1974. The determination directs the Secretary of State to transmit it to congressional leadership and publish it in the Federal Register, enabling normal trade relations with Turkmenistan.

Federal Register Open PDF 72 FR 37421

Impact dates

  1. Federal Register filing

  2. Determination effective

Key directives

  • Determine waiver of section 402(a) and (b) with respect to Turkmenistan
  • Transmit determination to Speaker of the House of Representatives
  • Transmit determination to President of the Senate
  • Publish determination in the Federal Register

Who is ordered

Timeline

Immediate

  • Determination takes effect upon signing (June 28, 2007)
  • Waiver of subsections 402(a) and 402(b) application to Turkmenistan

Near term (90d)

  • Transmittal to Speaker of the House and President of the Senate
  • Federal Register publication (filed July 9, 2007)

Long term

  • Sustained normal trade relations status for Turkmenistan contingent on continued presidential determinations
  • Potential increased U.S.-Turkmenistan economic engagement

Risks & tensions

  • Document does not specify whether Turkmenistan met emigration freedom criteria, creating potential human rights accountability tension
  • Annual waiver requirement means status is not permanent and subject to reversal
  • Low transparency on substantive conditions in Turkmenistan at time of determination
Presidential Determination: Presidential Determination Under Section 402(c)(2)(A) of the Trade Act of 1974Turkmenistan · Executive Orders