ExecutiveOrdersEO
Det 95-2--DeterminationClinton · D

Presidential Determination 95-2--

Determination Pursuant to Section 523 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103-306)

President Clinton certified that withholding U.S. funds from international financial institutions and other international organizations—due to statutory restrictions on indirect assistance or reparations to certain specified countries—would be contrary to the national interest. This determination allows continued U.S. financial contributions to these multilateral bodies despite the Section 523 prohibition. The Secretary of State was directed to publish the determination in the Federal Register.

Federal Register 59 FR 55979
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Impact dates

  1. Federal Register publication

Key directives

  • Certify that withholding funds from IFIs/international organizations is contrary to the national interest
  • Authorize and direct Secretary of State to publish determination in Federal Register

Who is ordered

Timeline

Immediate

  • Determination takes effect upon signing; U.S. funds may continue flowing to restricted international organizations

Near term (90d)

  • Federal Register publication by Secretary of State

Long term

  • Continued U.S. participation in and funding of international financial institutions subject to annual appropriations riders

Risks & tensions

  • Annual recurring tension between Congress (restricting aid to certain countries via appropriations riders) and executive branch (waiving via national interest certification)
  • Countries benefiting from indirect assistance remain unspecified in text, creating opacity about which sanctions are being circumvented
Presidential Determination 95-2--: Determination Pursuant to Section 523 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103-306) · Executive Orders