ExecutiveOrdersEO
EO 13307Executive OrderG.W. Bush · R

Executive Order 13307

European Central Bank

TradeTradeDemocracy & GovernanceDemocracy & Governance

In simple terms

This executive order extends to the European Central Bank (ECB) the same privileges, exemptions, and immunities that the U.S. grants to public international organizations under the International Organizations Immunities Act. It explicitly preserves any additional privileges the ECB may have through other international agreements or laws.

Federal Register Open PDF 68 FR 33338

Record & deadlines

  1. Signed

    Signed by the President

  2. FR published

    Published in the Federal Register · 68 FR 33338

    Federal Register PDF

Key directives

  • Extend privileges, exemptions, and immunities to European Central Bank under IOIA
  • Preserve existing or future privileges acquired through international agreements or law

What to expect

Immediate

  • ECB receives designated international organization status under U.S. law
  • Immunities and privileges take effect upon signing

Near term (90d)

—

Long term

  • Potential legal disputes over scope of immunity
  • Precedent for other regional central banks seeking similar status

Risks & tensions

  • Vague on specific scope of immunities—actual protections depend on IOIA case law interpretation
  • Potential tension between IOIA immunity and U.S. financial regulatory oversight
  • No sunset clause or review mechanism specified
Executive Order 13307: European Central Bank · Executive Orders