ExecutiveOrdersEO
Notice 12957NoticeG.W. Bush · R Quiet signal

Presidential Notice 12957

Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Iran

President Bush continued for one year the national emergency with respect to Iran originally declared in 1995 under Executive Order 12957, citing ongoing threats from Iran's support for terrorism, efforts to undermine Middle East peace, and weapons of mass destruction programs. This renewal is distinct from the separate Iran emergency declared in 1979 under Executive Order 12170.

Federal Register Open PDF 70 FR 12581

Impact dates

  1. Emergency renewal expires unless extended again

Key directives

  • Continue national emergency with respect to Iran for 1 year beyond March 15, 2005
  • Publish notice in Federal Register
  • Transmit notice to Congress

Timeline

Immediate

  • National emergency continues beyond March 15, 2005
  • Sanctions under EO 12957, 12959, and 13059 remain in effect

Near term (90d)

  • Federal Register publication
  • Transmittal to Congress

Long term

  • Emergency expires March 15, 2006 unless renewed again

Risks & tensions

  • Perpetual emergency status normalizes exceptional economic powers
  • Distinguishing this 1995 emergency from the 1979 emergency suggests complex, overlapping sanction regimes
  • Annual renewal without substantive reassessment may reduce democratic accountability
Presidential Notice 12957: Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Iran · Executive Orders